ANALISIS FONOLOGIS DAN MORFOLOGIS IDGHAM SAGHIR DALAM KONTEKS ILMU TAJWID DAN ILMU SHOROF

Abstract

This study explores the phonological and morphological aspects of Idgham Saghir within the framework of Qur’anic recitation rules and Arabic morphological structure. Idgham Saghir is a recitation rule where a nasal consonant sound at the end of a word merges into the initial sound of the following word. This assimilation changes pronunciation but does not affect the meaning or grammatical structure of the involved words. The research applies a qualitative descriptive method by collecting data from selected verses of the Qur’an that illustrate the use of Idgham Saghir. The findings reveal that Idgham Saghir is a systematic phonological process characterized by regressive assimilation, where the first sound adapts to the second. Two primary categories are identified: Idgham with nasalization, which occurs when followed by nasal letters, and Idgham without nasalization, which occurs when followed by lateral consonants. These processes contribute to the smooth and rhythmic flow of recitation, enhancing its aesthetic quality while maintaining clarity. From a morphological perspective, the assimilation process does not alter the base form or grammatical role of the words. For example, in the phrase “min ya’mal,” the merging of sounds affects only pronunciation. The preposition and verb maintain their original structure and function in the sentence. In conclusion, Idgham Saghir reflects a balance between phonetic beauty and linguistic precision in Qur’anic recitation. It exemplifies how sound patterns are refined for clarity and fluency without compromising grammatical integrity.