Dinamika Pembentukan Fi’il dalam Bahasa Arab: Analisis Ilmiah terhadap Wazan, I’lal, dan Idgham

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of verb (fi’il) formation in the Arabic language through a scientific investigation of three fundamental aspects: wazan (morphological patterns), i’lal (phonological alteration), and idgham (phonological assimilation). Arabic, as a Semitic language, is well known for its highly productive morphological system, in which a single root can generate a wide array of verb forms with diverse meanings and nuances. Wazan serves as a morphological template that enables derivation and conveys additional semantic layers, while i’lal involves phonological changes triggered by the presence of weak letters, affecting both sound balance and the surface structure of the verb. Idgham operates by merging sounds to achieve phonetic efficiency and fluid articulation. This research employs a qualitative approach through literature review and detailed analysis of verb examples drawn from various sources, including both classical and contemporary texts. The findings demonstrate that wazan, i’lal, and idgham play an essential role in shaping the morphological and phonological dynamics of Arabic verbs. These processes not only contribute to the richness of the language but also present challenges for language learners, who must understand non-transparent transformations in verb forms. Ultimately, this study highlights the deep integration between morphological structure and phonological processes in Arabic and underscores the importance of systematic instruction in verb morphology to facilitate effective teaching and learning of the language.